Think of it as your personal guide to Standard Poodles — available any time of day or night.

💬 What the Chatbot Can Do

Our chatbot, called Poodle Guide, was designed to make your journey with poodles easier and more enjoyable. Here’s how it helps:

• ✅ Answers common poodle questions — from grooming to training basics.

• ✅ Explains health testing and standards — using trusted sources like the OFA, Poodle Club of America, United Poodle Association, and VIPoodle.

• ✅ Shares stories and checklists — quick tips you can use right away.

• ✅ Points you to the right resources — like our buyers’ Puppy Guide or website sections.

🐾 Why We Built It

Caring for a Standard Poodle is rewarding, but it also comes with lots of questions along the way. The chatbot makes it easy to get:

• Immediate guidance when you need it.

• Friendly, story-driven explanations — not just technical answers.

• Reassurance that you’re not alone as you navigate life with your poodle.

It’s not meant to replace the personal relationship we build with families, but to be an extra layer of support between emails, phone calls, and visits.

🌐 How to Try It

• Visit standardpoodlesofforestlakes.com

• Look for the chat bubble in the lower right corner of your screen (desktop or mobile).

• Tap it, ask your question, and start chatting with Poodle Guide!

We’re proud to be one of the first breeders to offer this kind of resource. It reflects our philosophy: education, support, and community first.

👉 Have you tried it yet? Give it a go and let us know what you think — we’d love your feedback!

What We Focus on as Breeders – and Why It Matters

Breeding is far more than pairing two dogs and hoping for a great outcome. Ethical, preservation breeders know that every decision today will shape the breed’s future for decades to come. The focus of any breeding program is often influenced by what each dog brings to the table—its strengths, weaknesses, and potential. The goal is to preserve and improve the breed, not just produce puppies.

Type vs. Style – Knowing the Difference

In dog breeding, type is the set of essential features that define a breed—those traits that, when you see the dog, make you instantly recognize it as that breed. In Standard Poodles, this includes correct proportions, head shape, movement, coat texture, and temperament according to the breed standard.

Style, on the other hand, is a personal or regional interpretation of that type. For example, two dogs can both be correct in type, but one may have a more refined outline while another is more robust. Style is what gives variety within type, but it must never override breed-defining traits. Breeders must be vigilant not to let style drift into breeding away from correct type.

Pedigree Research, COI, and Genetic Diversity

A thoughtful breeder studies pedigrees deeply—generations back—looking at the dogs who came before and the traits they consistently pass on.

The Coefficient of Inbreeding (COI) is a measure of how closely related the sire and dam are. While some level of linebreeding can set desirable traits, a consistently high COI can reduce genetic diversity, increasing the risk of inherited health issues.

Tools like BetterBred and the Canine Genetic Diversity Project help breeders evaluate not only COI but also how genetically similar or different two dogs are at the DNA level. This allows breeders to make more informed decisions to maintain genetic health while preserving type.

Health Testing as a Breeding Foundation

No breeding decision should be made without comprehensive health testing for conditions known to affect the breed. For Standard Poodles, this includes hips, eyes, thyroid, heart, sebaceous adenitis, and various DNA tests for inherited diseases. Health testing:

• Reduces the risk of producing affected puppies
• Protects the reputation of the breeder and the breed
• Preserves the trust of puppy owners

Skipping health testing isn’t saving money—it’s gambling with lives.

The Wholistic Preservation Breeder

A wholistic (or holistic) preservation breeder looks at the whole dog—not just one or two traits in isolation. They consider:

• Breed type and adherence to the standard
• Health testing results
• Temperament and trainability
• Pedigree depth and genetic diversity
• Structure and movement
• The long-term impact of their choices on the breed

They are not breeding for a fad, a quick sale, or what’s easiest. They are thinking in decades, not litters.

Solving the Puzzle – Many Strategic Moves over Generations

Every breeding is a puzzle, and no two pairings are exactly the same. While the foundation—health-tested, cleared parents with stable, sound temperaments—remains non-negotiable, the goals for each litter can vary greatly.

For example, in one pairing, a breeder might be working to eliminate an undesirable trait. That could mean seeking a mate with very different genetics, pedigree, or style to help dilute or remove that feature from the line. These are often more diverse pairings, bringing in new influences to improve the overall balance without losing type or function.

In another pairing, the goal may be to lock in an exceptional feature—perhaps a beautiful head, ideal movement, or outstanding front assembly. In those cases, the breeder may look for a mate with a similar strength and consistent pedigree behind it. These strong type pairings can help cement desired qualities so they’re more likely to appear in future generations.

The pieces are different for each pairing, but still need to fit together for the desired outcomes. Thoughtful breeding is never a “cookie cutter” formula—it’s a tailored strategy where every match is made with a purpose, always balancing the preservation of the breed standard with the unique needs of that specific line.

Breeding Away from the Standard – Why It Harms the Breed

Some breeders choose to breed “off standard” to appeal to a specific market—producing dogs for uncommon colors, exaggerated sizes (larger or smaller), or exaggerated angles because “that’s what sells.” This is not preservation breeding. It often involves:

• Ignoring the breed standard’s requirements for structure and temperament
• Overlooking health or genetic diversity
• Selecting solely for market trends rather than breed integrity

While these breeders may claim they’re “just giving people what they want,” the reality is that every litter bred away from the standard chips away at what makes the breed unique. Over time, this erodes both the physical and behavioral qualities that preservation breeders work so hard to protect.

In short: Ethical breeders focus on health, type, and temperament first—using science, history, and a deep love for the breed as their guide. Every dog we breed should be a worthy representative of its heritage, ensuring that the next generation is not just healthy and sound, but unmistakably the breed it was meant to be.

Breeders who Show their Dogs

Breeders show their dogs to have them evaluated against the breed standard by impartial judges. This isn’t just about winning ribbons—it’s about proving that the dog meets the structural, movement, and temperament requirements the breed was created for.

Using UKC Grand Champions and AKC Champions in a breeding program means those dogs have consistently beaten other quality dogs under multiple judges, demonstrating they are correct in type, sound in structure, and possess the proper temperament. Titles also show that the dog has the stamina, trainability, and presence to excel in the ring—traits worth preserving for future generations.

Campaigning a Dog

To campaign a dog means to actively show it in competitions—often over an extended period and in multiple locations—with the goal of earning high-level titles, rankings, or national recognition.

Campaigning usually involves:

• Entering many shows, sometimes across states or regions

• Working with a professional handler (in AKC, especially) or showing the dog yourself

• Traveling extensively

• Investing time and money in grooming, entry fees, and travel costs

It’s a strategic effort to showcase the dog’s quality to the breed community, prove its consistency in competition, and strengthen its reputation (and that of the breeding program) for future breeding plans.

Why purchase from Holistic Preservation Breeders

People should seek a puppy from holistic preservation breeders who show their dogs because those breeders are proving—in public, under expert judges—that their dogs meet the breed standard in structure, movement, and temperament.

A show title isn’t just a ribbon—it’s proof the dog is a healthy, correct representative of its breed. Pair that with full health testing, stable temperaments, and thoughtful pedigree planning, and you’re getting a puppy whose parents were chosen to improve the breed, not just produce puppies.

And if you’re thinking, “I don’t want a show dog, I just want a pet,” here’s the secret: the very same qualities that make a dog a great show dog—sound structure, balanced temperament, and good health—are exactly what make them exceptional companions.

Holistic preservation breeders think in decades, not litters—balancing health, type, temperament, and genetic diversity so your puppy isn’t just beautiful, but healthy, stable, and true to its heritage.

Insights from Dr. Michelle Kutzler’s Presentation on Long-Term Health After Spay/Neuter (Gonadectomy)

https://www.akc.org/akc-educated-breeder-webinar-series/

Many well-meaning dog owners opt to spay or neuter early, often encouraged by tradition or shelter policies. But emerging research—including work shared by Dr. Michelle Kutzler, a leading expert in theriogenology—invites us to revisit these decisions with long-term health in mind.

Here are a few takeaways:

Spaying and neutering may carry long-term risks when done without considering age, breed, and individual health. According to Dr. Kutzler, altered dogs show higher rates of issues like:

• Obesity
• Urinary tract problems
• Skin disorders
• Musculoskeletal challenges
• Behavioral changes
• Certain cancers

Why does this happen?

The removal of reproductive organs disrupts a key hormonal feedback system between the brain and gonads (called the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis). Without the ovaries or testicles providing feedback, levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) can become up to 30 times higher—a biological state we’re only beginning to understand fully.

What Is the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis?

And why it matters to your dog’s health and development

The HPG axis is a communication system between three major parts of the body:

1. Hypothalamus (in the brain)
2. Pituitary gland (also in the brain, just below the hypothalamus)
3. Gonads (testes in males, ovaries in females)

Together, this system controls sexual development, hormone production, and fertility—but it also plays a role in growth, behavior, immune function, bone density, and even cancer risk.

How It Works (Simplified)

Think of it like a hormone relay team:

1. The hypothalamus starts the process by releasing a hormone called GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone).
2. GnRH tells the pituitary gland to release two more hormones:
   • LH (luteinizing hormone)
   • FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)
3. LH and FSH travel through the bloodstream to the gonads, which then produce sex hormones:
   • Testosterone in males
   • Estrogen and progesterone in females

These hormones are responsible for:

• Sexual maturity and reproductive cycles
• Sperm and egg production
• Heat cycles and pregnancy
• Influencing behavior, metabolism, and growth

The HPG axis also works on a feedback loop. If there’s too much or too little hormone, the brain adjusts production to keep things in balance.

Why the HPG Axis Is So Important

• It regulates puberty – Controls when dogs reach sexual maturity.
• It influences bone growth and closure – Removing the gonads (spay/neuter) too early can delay growth plate closure, increasing injury risk.
• It affects brain development and behavior – Sex hormones interact with brain regions that manage fear, aggression, and learning.
• It supports immune health and cancer resistance – Hormones from the gonads help regulate immune system and cell repair.
• It maintains endocrine balance – Disruptions in the axis (like early gonadectomy) can lead to long-term hormonal imbalances.

Understanding LH Receptors and the Broader Impact of Spay/Neuter Decisions

Emerging research is shedding light on the presence of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors beyond the reproductive system—including in the urinary tract, bones, adrenal glands, skin, and blood vessels. When LH binds to these receptors, it can trigger cell division and impact nitric oxide production, potentially influencing various body systems.

One of the key findings is that spaying and neutering may contribute significantly to obesity in dogs, primarily through two mechanisms: a decrease in metabolic rate due to reduced muscle mass, and a 20% increase in food intake driven by reduced satiety.

A notable concern involves the prevalence of urinary incontinence in spayed females. Spayed dogs experiencing incontinence tend to have higher LH receptor concentrations in their urinary tract, and some treatments aimed at lowering LH levels (like estrogen therapy or GnRH manipulation) have shown promise in restoring continence.

Additionally, large-scale veterinary data suggests urinary stones are three times more common in altered dogs, and roughly 20% of spayed bitches may develop coat changes, often resembling a soft, “puppy-like” texture due to hormonal shifts affecting the hair cycle.

The Hidden Orthopedic Costs of Spaying and Neutering

Recent research is shedding light on the long-term orthopedic consequences of early spay/neuter in dogs. Two key conditions—cruciate ligament rupture and hip dysplasia—are shown to be significantly more common in altered dogs, even when adjusting for factors like obesity or age.

🔹 Cruciate Ligament Rupture (CCL)
While many dogs are born with normal stifle joints, altered hormone levels post spay/neuter may increase laxity in the ligaments. In fact, one study of over 500 dogs found zero cases of CCL in intact dogs, suggesting a strong link. Just like in humans, reproductive hormones appear to influence ligament stability.

🔹 Hip Dysplasia

This condition involves joint laxity and misalignment of the hip socket and femur, eventually leading to arthritis. Spayed and neutered dogs are 1.5 to 2 times more likely to develop hip dysplasia compared to intact dogs. The lack of sex hormones—and the resulting rise in LH (luteinizing hormone) receptor activity—may disrupt normal joint development and maintenance.

Hormones, Behavior & Brain Health: The Role of LH After Spay/Neuter

When we think of hormones, we often focus on reproduction—but hormones like luteinizing hormone (LH) impact far more than fertility. LH receptors are found in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, two areas of the brain deeply involved in behavior, memory, and emotional regulation.

Behavioral Shifts After Spay/Neuter

After gonadectomy (removal of ovaries or testicles), LH levels remain persistently elevated. This can impact a dog’s behavior in multiple ways:

• Increased fear responses (storms, noises, separation)
• Heightened anxiety and timidity
• Owner- and stranger-directed aggression
• Submissive urination and stress illness
• Spayed females are up to twice as likely to show aggression compared to intact females—especially if already showing early behavioral concerns before surgery

While neutering may reduce inter-male aggression, the net effect on behavior is complex, and not always positive.

A Note on Treatment

Interestingly, Suprelorin (a GnRH agonist that suppresses LH production) has been shown to reduce anxiety and fear in neutered dogs—further confirming LH’s role in behavioral regulation.

LH and Cognitive Decline in Dogs (and Humans)

In aging dogs, elevated LH levels are linked to Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CDS)—a neurodegenerative disorder with symptoms similar to Alzheimer’s disease in people. These may include:

• Memory loss and confusion
• Night-waking or reversed sleep cycles
• Social disconnection
• Difficulty learning new things

Dogs who are spayed or neutered are at higher risk for both earlier onset and more rapid progression of CDS.

And this isn’t limited to canines. In humans, studies show that high circulating LH is associated with declines in cognitive performance and increased beta-amyloid plaque formation—a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.

LH and Cancer Risk in Dogs

Luteinizing hormone (LH) has been shown to influence the development of certain cancers in dogs, particularly through its interaction with hormone receptors. Mast cell tumors (mastocytomas)—the most common skin tumor in dogs—express high levels of LH receptors. Research indicates that spayed and neutered dogs are at higher risk for these tumors, especially in breeds such as Golden Retrievers, Vizslas, and large or giant breeds.

Hemangiosarcoma, an aggressive cancer arising from the lining of blood vessels (commonly affecting the skin, spleen, and heart), also exhibits functional LH receptors in vascular and smooth muscle tissues. This suggests a possible hormonal influence on its growth and spread.

Lymphoma, which accounts for up to 24% of all canine cancers, is significantly more prevalent in altered dogs—particularly neutered males, who are up to three times more likely to develop the disease. Studies show that 10–45% of cultured T-cell lymphomas express LH receptors, which are functional and may promote cancer cell survival and vascular invasion—increasing the cancer’s ability to spread throughout the body.

Beyond Reproduction: The Hormonal Role of Ovaries and Testicles

Ovaries and testicles are not just for reproduction—they are critical endocrine glands that support metabolism, musculoskeletal development, behavior regulation, and cancer resistance. Removing them eliminates important hormone-producing functions that impact overall health.

For some dogs, alternatives to traditional spay and neuter may be more appropriate. These options preserve hormonal balance while still preventing pregnancy:

• Vasectomy: The sperm-carrying tubes (vas deferens) are cut or sealed, leaving the testicles—and their hormone production—intact. This can be performed after the testicles descend or earlier using laparoscopy.
• Vasocclude® clips: A minimally invasive method involving a small scrotal puncture to block the vas deferens with a medical-grade clip.
• Hormonal downregulation: Medications like Deslorelin (Suprelorin®), a GnRH agonist, can temporarily suppress fertility in males without surgery.
• Hysterectomy (partial spay): In females, the uterus is removed while leaving the ovaries intact, preserving natural hormone production.

These options allow for better long-term hormonal health while still addressing reproductive control. Always discuss your dog’s lifestyle, health risks, and behavior with a knowledgeable veterinarian to determine the best approach.

Inbreeding depression is a term used to describe the reduced biological fitness (health, fertility, lifespan, vitality) that can occur when closely related animals are bred together over multiple generations. This happens because inbreeding increases the likelihood of homozygosity—where an animal inherits two identical copies of a gene, including potentially harmful recessive ones.

Homozygosity isn’t always bad — but too much of it can be a problem, especially across large portions of the genome. When an animal inherits two identical alleles (one from each parent) at many locations, it limits genetic variety. This becomes a risk because:

1. 1. Loss of Genetic Flexibility: With less diversity, the dog has fewer tools to respond to environmental stressors, disease, or injury. Think of it like having a toolbox full of the same wrench — not helpful for all jobs.
   2. Expression of Recessive Disorders: Homozygosity increases the chance that recessive mutations (which might be harmless when only one copy is present) will pair up and be expressed. This is where many inherited diseases come from.
   3. Genomic Instability (the “hiccup”): The “hiccup” BetterBred refers to is a simplified way to describe what can happen when DNA replication or gene expression is affected by repetitive, identical sequences.

What Does “Homozygosity Hiccup” Really Mean?

When a dog inherits identical copies of a gene from both parents (homozygosity), it’s like reading the same instruction twice. In small amounts, that’s fine — it helps set breed type. But too much can cause problems.

Imagine you’re copying a big paragraph, and the same sentence shows up over and over:
“Turn left at the tree. Turn left at the tree. Turn left at the tree…”
Eventually, you might lose your place, misread, or skip something important.

That’s what can happen in DNA. When parts of the genome are too repetitive or too similar, the body’s cellular machinery can:

• • • • Misread instructions

      • Fail to make proteins correctly

      • Miss key genetic defenses (like immune responses)

These “errors” don’t always happen, but they become more likely when homozygosity is high — especially in important areas like the immune system (DLA genes) or metabolic pathways.

4. Inbreeding Depression: The cumulative result of too much homozygosity over generations: reduced fertility, smaller litters, shorter lifespan, weakened immune systems, and lower overall vitality.

So the goal isn’t zero homozygosity — it’s to balance it, maintaining breed type while preserving enough diversity for long-term health.

Inbreeding depression in simple terms:

• Every dog carries some recessive genes that may not cause problems on their own.

• When two dogs with the same recessive gene are bred, their offspring have a higher chance of expressing that gene as a disorder or weakness.

• When this happens repeatedly over generations, the population may start showing issues like:

  • Smaller litter sizes

  • Increased puppy mortality

  • Lower fertility

  • Weakened immune systems

  • Poorer temperament or resilience

  • Reduced lifespan

Why It Matters:

In breeds with small gene pools or limited diversity (which includes many preservation breeds), inbreeding depression can quietly erode the health and soundness of a line—even if all visible traits look good.

Maintaining Health and Diversity in Breeding Programs

This is why tools like COI (Coefficient of Inbreeding), AVK (Ancestor Loss Coefficient) and canine genetic diversity testing are so important. They help breeders track and manage genetic relationships to maintain both breed type and long-term health.

• COI measures how closely related the dog’s ancestors are. A higher COI means more inbreeding and less genetic variation, which may increase the risk of inherited health issues.

• AVK shows how many unique ancestors are in a pedigree — measures the percentage of unique ancestors in a pedigree. A lower AVK means the same ancestors appear multiple times, signaling a loss of genetic diversity — even if the COI appears low. This reduction in variety can contribute to issues like inbreeding depression, including reduced fertility, smaller litters, and weaker immune systems.

• Genetic diversity tools (like UC Davis diversity testing) evaluate diversity at the DNA level by analyzing genetic variation across the genome, analyzing STR markers, including markers in the DLA region associated with immune function. This provides a representative sample of the dog’s actual DNA diversity — not just what’s recorded on paper — and helps breeders make informed decisions to preserve or increase genetic health within their lines. I talk more about the benefit and limitations of canine genetic diversity testing in a previous blog post.

So yes — these are all important, especially when you’re trying to:

• Maintain long-term genetic health

• Avoid bottlenecks in a breeding program

• Track how unique a pedigree truly is

It’s best to consider all three: COI, AVK, and DNA diversity when available. Each one gives you a piece of the bigger picture.

📚 References

1. “Canine Inbreeding Depression and Lifespan.” Functional Breeding. Accessed April 17, 2025. https://functionalbreeding.org/inbreeding-depression-and-lifespan/.
2. “Inbreeding Depression Reduces Litter Sizes in Golden Retrievers.” Morris Animal Foundation. Accessed April 17, 2025. https://www.morrisanimalfoundation.org/article/inbreeding-depression-reduces-litter-sizes-golden-retrievers.
3. “Inbreeding Depression and Reduced Fecundity in Golden Retrievers.” Embark Veterinary. Accessed April 17, 2025. https://embarkvet.com/resources/inbreeding-depression-golden-retrievers/.
4. “Inbreeding Impact on Litter Size and Survival in Selected Canine Breeds.” Wikipedia. Accessed April 17, 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_reproduction.
5. “Purebred Dogs Show Higher Levels of Genomic Damage Compared to Mixed-Breed Dogs.” PubMed Central. Accessed April 17, 2025. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10884103/.
6. “Inbreeding Depression Causes Reduced Fecundity in Golden Retrievers.” PubMed Central. Accessed April 17, 2025. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6606663/.
7. “Understanding Inbreeding Depression in Dogs.” Breeding Business. Accessed April 17, 2025. https://breedingbusiness.com/inbreeding-depression/.
8. “Genetic Health Testing and Inbreeding: A Key to Breeding Better Dogs.” BetterBred. Accessed April 17, 2025. https://www.betterbred.com/blog/genetic-health-testing-and-inbreeding.

In the quest to understand aging and longevity, telomeres have emerged as a significant piece of the puzzle. These protective caps at the ends of our chromosomes play a crucial role in cellular health and lifespan.

What Are Telomeres?

Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences located at the ends of chromosomes. They act like the plastic tips of shoelaces, preventing chromosomes from fraying or sticking to each other. Each time a cell divides, its telomeres shorten slightly. When telomeres become too short, the cell can no longer divide and becomes senescent or dies.

Telomeres and Aging

The shortening of telomeres is associated with aging and the onset of age-related diseases. Research has shown that individuals with longer telomeres tend to have longer lifespans and a lower risk of chronic diseases. Conversely, shorter telomeres are linked to increased risks of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and certain cancers.

Factors Influencing Telomere Length

Several factors can influence the rate at which telomeres shorten:

• Genetics: Inherited factors play a role in determining baseline telomere length.
• Lifestyle: Chronic stress, poor diet, lack of exercise, and smoking can accelerate telomere shortening. Conversely, healthy lifestyle choices may slow this process.
• Environmental Exposures: Exposure to pollutants and toxins can contribute to oxidative stress, leading to faster telomere attrition.

Telomerase: The Telomere-Extending Enzyme

Telomerase is an enzyme that adds DNA sequences to the ends of telomeres, effectively lengthening them. While most somatic cells have low telomerase activity, certain cells like stem cells and germ cells exhibit higher activity levels. Research is ongoing to explore ways to safely activate telomerase in somatic cells to combat aging. 

Implications for Breeding and Longevity

Understanding telomere dynamics can be valuable for breeders aiming to promote longevity and health in their lines. While direct measurement of telomere length in animals is still a developing field, selecting for traits associated with longevity and robust health may indirectly favor individuals with more favorable telomere biology.

So the question arises, can we use this information to create longer living offspring? Some studies in humans and animals show that sperm from older males may have slightly longer telomeres, because sperm-producing stem cells activate telomerase (the enzyme that can lengthen telomeres). So technically, yes, older studs might pass on longer telomeres. This phenomenon, observed in humans and other species, suggests a positive correlation between the sire’s telomere length and the offspring’s longevity. While longer telomeres are not the sole predictor of health or lifespan, this emerging science highlights the importance of considering paternal age and telomere dynamics when evaluating breeding decisions. But here’s the catch—this doesn’t always mean the puppies will live longer. Other factors, like accumulated mutations in aging sperm or overall genetic health, could offset any telomere advantage.

🧬 Does longevity run in the line?

Absolutely. This is one of the strongest indicators. Dogs from long-lived lines—especially when both sides of the pedigree show solid health into the teens—are more likely to pass on those genes. Longevity is polygenic (influenced by many genes) and often tied to low incidence of disease, good immune function, sound structure, and yes—healthy telomere maintenance.

• Longevity tends to follow family lines, not just age of the sire.

• Telomere length plays a role but isn’t the whole story.

• Good breeding decisions should weigh structure, temperament, pedigree health, and line longevity over any single marker.

Summary

Telomeres serve as a biological clock, influencing how cells age and function. By understanding the factors that affect telomere length, we can make informed decisions to promote health and longevity, both in ourselves and in the animals we care for.

🧬 A Note on Cloning and Telomeres

Cloning, particularly somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), involves using a donor cell from an adult organism. One of the challenges in cloning is that the donor cell’s telomeres may already be shortened due to age or cellular replication. This can lead to prematurely aged clones with reduced lifespans and increased susceptibility to age-related diseases.

For example, the famous cloned sheep Dolly was created using a mammary gland cell from a six-year-old ewe. Researchers later found that Dolly’s telomeres were significantly shorter than those of naturally born sheep of the same age, possibly contributing to her early health problems and death.

Not all clones exhibit telomere shortening—some studies have shown telomerase activity can be reactivated during cloning, partially resetting the telomere length. However, the inconsistency underscores how telomere biology remains a crucial consideration in cloning and regenerative biology.

📚 References

1. Shekhidem, H. A., Sharvit, L., Leman, E., Manov, I., & Roichman, A. (2019). Telomeres and Longevity: A Cause or an Effect? International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
This study explores the complex relationship between telomere length and lifespan, discussing whether telomere shortening is a cause or consequence of aging.

2. Vaiserman, A., & Krasnienkov, D. (2021). Telomere Length as a Marker of Biological Age: State-of-the-Art, Open Issues, and Future Perspectives. Frontiers in Genetics.
This paper reviews the current understanding of telomere length as a biomarker for biological aging and its potential applications.

3. Shammas, M. A. (2011). Telomeres, lifestyle, cancer, and aging. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care.
This article discusses how lifestyle factors influence telomere length and the implications for aging and cancer.

4. Lansdorp, P. M. (2022). Telomeres, aging, and cancer: the big picture. Blood.
This publication provides an overview of telomere biology and its significance in aging and cancer development.

5. Chen, L.-Y., Redon, S., & Lingner, J. (2012). The human CST complex is a terminator of telomerase activity. Nature.
This study identifies the CST complex as a regulator of telomerase activity, contributing to telomere length homeostasis.

6. Benetos, A., Fritsch, C., Horton, E., Lenotre, L., Toupance, S., & Villemonais, D. (2024). Stochastic branching models for the telomeres dynamics in a model including telomerase activity. arXiv.
This research presents mathematical models to understand telomere dynamics and the role of telomerase in cellular aging.

7. EatingWell Editors. (2021). How Food Can Help You Look and Feel More Youthful—Here’s What the Science Says. EatingWell.
This article summarizes research on how diet and lifestyle choices can influence telomere length and aging.

8. Sifferlin, A. (2017). Exercise Makes You Younger at the Cellular Level. TIME.
This piece reports on studies linking regular physical activity to longer telomeres and reduced biological aging.

9. Keim, B. (2009). Nobel Winners Isolate Protein Behind Immortality, Cancer. WIRED.
This article discusses the Nobel Prize-winning discovery of telomerase and its implications for aging and cancer.

10. Kimura, M., Cherkas, L. F., Kato, B. S., Demissie, S., Hjelmborg, J. V. B., Brimacombe, M., Hunkin, J. L., Gardner, J. P., Lu, X., Cao, X., Sastrasinh, M., Province, M. A., Hunt, S. C., Christensen, K., Levy, D., Spector, T. D., & Aviv, A. (2008). Offspring’s leukocyte telomere length, paternal age, and telomere elongation in sperm. PLoS Genetics.
This study shows that older paternal age is associated with longer telomeres in sperm, which are passed on to offspring, potentially affecting their longevity.

11. Eisenberg, D. T. A., Hayes, M. G., & Kuzawa, C. W. (2012). Delayed paternal age of reproduction in humans is associated with longer telomeres across two generations of descendants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
This paper reports that the lengthening of telomeres in sperm with paternal age can have intergenerational effects, influencing the telomere length of children and even grandchildren.

12. Aviv, A., Hunt, S. C., Lin, J., Cao, X., Kimura, M., & Blackburn, E. H. (2011). Leukocyte telomere length and the father’s age enigma: implications for male-driven evolution of telomere length in humans. Molecular Human Reproduction.
This article explores the biological mechanisms behind increased telomere length in the sperm of older fathers and its evolutionary implications.

1. Find a Mentor and start with Quality Stock.

Connect with a reputable, ethical breeder whose dogs are registered and titled with recognized kennel clubs such as the AKC, Canadian KC, or FCI. A good mentor may be willing to co-own a well-bred dog with you to help start your program. Choose a breeder who has a proven track record in conformation, health testing, and temperament, and who follows a written code of ethics.

2. Learn Everything You Can About the Breed.

Study the breed standard in detail, including structure, movement, and temperament. Understand the breed’s purpose and history. For Poodles, you should explore resources like VIPoodle.org, PoodleClubOfAmerica.org, and UnitedPoodleAssociation.org. Take courses through AKC Canine College, Good Dog, Avidog, and Puppy Culture to broaden your education on breeding, puppy rearing, genetics, and behavior.

3. Health Test Thoroughly and Beyond the Minimums.

Perform all the recommended health testing for your breed—ideally following CHIC guidelines—and go beyond the basics, especially for new dogs joining your program. For Poodles, this includes DNA testing, hips, elbows, patellas, eyes, cardiac, thyroid, and more. Use OFA.org to register and make health results publicly available.

4. Title Your Dogs in Conformation and Other Sports.

Prove your dogs meet the breed standard by earning a conformation title (AKC, UKC, IABCA, etc.). Strong programs also pursue titles in companion or performance events like obedience, rally, agility, hunt tests, or service dog work to demonstrate sound temperament, intelligence, and versatility.

5. Develop a Breeding Plan Focused on Improvement.

Every breeding should have a goal to improve structure, health, and temperament. Work with your mentor to evaluate pedigrees and match dogs thoughtfully. Avoid breeding just because you have two dogs available—each pairing should have purpose and clear objectives for improving the breed. Keep only the best examples of the breed for your line.

6. Have Experts Evaluate Your Dogs and Puppies.

Regularly seek outside opinions to avoid kennel blindness. Attend breed seminars, enter specialty shows, and have respected breeders, judges, or handlers assess your dogs. Puppy evaluations at 8 weeks by experienced breeders or evaluators are valuable for identifying structure and temperament traits.

7. Prepare to Raise Puppies Correctly.

Before breeding, learn about ethical whelping and puppy-raising protocols like Puppy Culture or Avidog. Plan how you’ll socialize, evaluate, and place puppies in appropriate homes. Make sure you have the time, resources, and facilities to raise healthy, well-adjusted puppies.

8. Be Transparent and Responsible.

Be upfront with potential puppy buyers about health testing, temperament, and what they can expect from your dogs. Offer lifetime support. Be prepared to take back or assist any dog you breed, for its entire life.

Breeding is a huge responsibility and should always be done with the goal of preserving and improving the breed—not just producing puppies.

As preservation breeders, we bear the immense responsibility of safeguarding the health, structure, and purpose of the breeds we love. Yet even with the best of intentions, there’s a silent threat that can undermine our hard work and passion: kennel blindness.

What Is Kennel Blindness?

Kennel blindness happens when a breeder becomes unable—or unwilling—to see the faults in their own dogs or breeding program. It clouds objectivity and leads to poor breeding decisions, often rooted in emotional attachment or pride. Left unchecked, kennel blindness can cause a decline in type, structure, and function within a breeding program, ultimately harming the breed.

How Does Kennel Blindness Happen?

It often starts subtly. We become attached to the dogs we raise, train, and love. That’s natural! But when emotion overrides critical evaluation, we may convince ourselves that obvious faults “aren’t that bad” or that they’ll “fix themselves” in the next generation.

Other contributing factors include:

• Echo Chambers: Surrounding yourself with people who only offer praise can create a false sense of security about your dogs.
• Success Breeds Blindness: Winning in the ring doesn’t always mean your dog is structurally sound. Trophies can sometimes blind breeders to underlying flaws.
• Over-reliance on Pedigree: A strong pedigree doesn’t always guarantee quality in conformation or health.
• Sentimentality: Breeding a beloved dog who isn’t structurally correct because of emotional attachment, rather than evaluating based on the breed standard.

Why Is This Dangerous?

A dog’s conformation isn’t just about looks. Structure directly affects function. When we compromise on correct conformation:

• Movement and Efficiency Suffer: Poor structure limits the dog’s ability to move as the breed was designed to, which can impact performance in work, sport, or daily life.
• Injury and Wear Increase: Faults in angulation, topline, or gait can contribute to premature joint deterioration, arthritis, and pain.
• The Breed Loses Its Purpose: When form and function are neglected, we risk losing the traits that make the breed capable of doing the job it was originally bred for.

Not my dog; image sourced from the internet.

How to Avoid Kennel Blindness

1. Stay Ruthlessly Objective: Regularly evaluate your breeding stock against the breed standard—not just your interpretation, but the actual standard.
2. Solicit Honest Feedback: Invite experienced breeders, mentors, and unbiased judges to evaluate your dogs. Listen to constructive criticism.
3. Prioritize Education: Attend seminars, read veterinary studies on canine structure, and continue learning about movement and health.
4. Compare Outside Your Kennel: Watch dogs at shows, especially those bred by others. Study what other successful programs are producing and why.
5. Health and Function First: Ensure breeding dogs are not only health-tested but also structurally and temperamentally sound for their intended purpose.
6. Have a Clear Vision: Know what your program aims to preserve or improve and stick to that vision without compromising on essential traits.
7. Cull for the Right Reasons: Not every dog should be bred. Be willing to place a beloved dog in a pet home if they don’t meet the structural or temperament goals of your program.

Best Practices for Clear Vision Breeding

• Develop a circle of trusted breeder peers who will give you honest opinions.
• Watch your dogs move on video—often flaws show up in slow-motion review that are missed in real-time.
• Keep a written record of faults and virtues for each dog. It’s easy to focus on the positives and forget about areas that need work.
• Judge your dogs as if they belonged to someone else. Would you still breed them?

Our duty as ethical breeders is to prioritize the long-term health, functionality, and preservation of the breed—not just what’s popular or what’s in our backyard. Kennel blindness is a risk for everyone, but by staying open, critical, and committed to the standard, we can protect our programs and leave our breeds better than we found them.

Using Photo Analysis and Breed Standard Overlays

I never evaluate my own puppies. Someone with no stake, who is experienced in the breed, does my structural evaluations. It usually coincides with my choice(s), but I don’t ever want to become lax or complacent in this so the third-party evaluation is critical to my program. In addition to hands-on evaluation and observing movement, I use a visual tool that has become invaluable: overlaying the breed standard’s outline onto photos of my dogs. This method provides an objective view of how closely a dog’s structure aligns with the standard.

How It Works

• First, I take a stacked side-profile photo of the dog, making sure they are standing naturally and square. The dog should be fully weight-bearing on all four legs, with the head and tail in a relaxed yet alert position. No leaning, no stacking tricks—just honest posture.
• Then, I upload the photo into a graphics program or app that allows for layering images.
• On top of the photo, I place an outline of the ideal poodle silhouette, proportion guidelines, or skeletal references that align with the breed standard.
• By adjusting transparency, I can see where my dog fits the blueprint—or where they deviate. It’s a fantastic way to objectively evaluate proportions, angulation, topline, tail set, head planes, and more.

Tips for Accurate Photos

A poor photo angle can distort what you’re evaluating, so consistency and precision are key:

1. Camera Height Matters: The camera lens should be at the same height as the dog’s midline (approximately the height of the dog’s elbow or brisket), not shooting from above or below. Shooting too high can shorten legs, while shooting too low can exaggerate them.
2. Shoot Straight On: Position the camera perpendicular to the dog’s body—no tilts or angles. A slight turn can make fronts look wider or narrower and skew proportions.
3. Avoid Wide-Angle Lenses: Use a standard lens (50mm is great for full-body shots) to prevent distortion, especially around the edges of the photo.
4. Level Ground is Essential: Take photos on flat, even surfaces. Uneven ground throws off balance and proportion.
5. Good Stacking: Have someone help you stack the dog correctly or use a grooming table for young puppies to maintain proper positioning.
6. Lighting: Even lighting prevents shadows from hiding structure or exaggerating features.

This is a Daphne x Deacon offspring.

Why This Matters

By combining hands-on evaluation with this visual overlay process, you get a fuller, unbiased picture of the dog’s conformation. It’s an excellent tool for tracking and documenting development over time, comparing littermates, and making educated breeding decisions rooted in the breed standard.

Understanding Prey Drive in Dogs & How We Assess It in Puppies

What is Prey Drive?

Prey drive is a dog’s natural instinct to chase, capture, and sometimes kill moving objects. It’s an inherited trait that varies by breed and individual, influencing a dog’s suitability for different roles—whether as a working dog, sport competitor, or companion. While prey drive can be shaped through training, it is rooted in a dog’s genetics.

Prey drive is often broken down into several components:

• Orientation – Noticing and focusing on movement.
• Chase – Pursuing the moving object (e.g., a toy, ball, or small animal).
• Grab-Bite – Catching and gripping the object.
• Possessiveness – Holding onto the object and resisting release.

In working and sport dogs, prey drive is harnessed for jobs like detection work, herding, hunting, and protection sports. However, in service dogs or calm companion homes, an overly strong prey drive can be problematic, leading to distraction, impulse control issues, or difficulty maintaining focus on a handler.

How We Assess Prey Drive in Puppies (7.5-Week Temperament Testing)

At around 7.5 weeks, we conduct structured temperament testing to evaluate different aspects of a puppy’s personality, including their prey drive. This is done in a low-pressure environment to see their natural tendencies before extensive training influences their behavior.

Key Assessments for Prey Drive:

1. Object Interest & Chase Response – We use a soft toy or a small tug to gauge how quickly a puppy notices and chases it.
   • High Prey Drive: The puppy immediately locks onto movement and chases enthusiastically.
   • Moderate Prey Drive: The puppy shows interest but doesn’t pursue with intensity.
   • Low Prey Drive: The puppy may watch but does not engage much in the chase.
2. Toy Engagement & Possession – After catching the toy, we observe how the puppy interacts with it.
   • High: Puppy grabs firmly, shakes the toy, and resists letting go.
   • Moderate: Puppy engages briefly but releases easily.
   • Low: Puppy loses interest quickly or doesn’t pick up the toy.
3. Reaction to Sudden Movement – A fluttering rag or quick-moving object helps determine their response to unpredictable movement.
   • High: Immediate reaction, chasing and pouncing.
   • Moderate: Watches but is thoughtful before engaging.
   • Low: No reaction or avoids the movement.
4. Recovery & Focus After Excitement – We assess how quickly the puppy settles and redirects focus to the handler after play.
   • High Prey Drive, Low Impulse Control: Struggles to disengage from the toy or remains overly aroused.
   • Balanced: Excited but able to settle quickly.
   • Low Prey Drive: Shows mild interest and disengages easily.

How Predictive is Prey Drive at 7.5 Weeks?

Temperament testing provides a strong early indicator of prey drive tendencies, but it is not absolute. Several factors influence how prey drive manifests as the puppy matures:
✔ Genetics – A puppy from high-drive working lines is likely to retain and develop strong prey instincts.
✔ Environment & Training – Reinforcing prey behaviors (e.g., sports like lure coursing, barn hunt) can amplify drive, while structured impulse control training can help manage it.
✔ Maturity & Hormonal Changes – Some puppies exhibit more drive as they grow, especially between 6-18 months.

In most cases, a high prey drive puppy at 7.5 weeks will still have strong prey instincts as an adult, though training can refine their responses. However, some moderate-drive puppies may develop stronger drive through environmental influences, and some high-drive puppies may learn better control through structured training.

Puppy Matching

Understanding a puppy’s prey drive at 7.5 weeks helps us match them to the right home—whether as a future sport dog, working dog, or calm companion. While early testing gives us valuable insights, proper training, management, and outlet choices will ultimately determine how that drive is expressed in adulthood.

Exposure to prey-driven sports

Exposing a young dog to prey-driven sports like Barn Hunt, Nose Work/Scent Work, Dock Diving, Flyball, Disc Dog, and Lure Coursing can enhance their natural prey drive, especially if they already have a predisposition for it. These activities tap into their instinct to chase, hunt, and engage with moving targets, reinforcing the excitement and reward of the chase.

However, the degree to which prey drive is increased depends on several factors:

• Genetics: Some dogs have stronger natural prey drives than others.
• Reinforcement: The more success and fun they associate with the activity, the stronger their drive can become.
• Self-Control Training: If balanced with impulse control exercises (like obedience work or structured toy play), the dog can learn when to turn their prey drive “on” and “off.”

If your goal is to build drive, these sports are excellent. If you’re concerned about controlling it, pairing them with structured training will help maintain balance.

Training self-control (also called impulse control) from puppyhood to adulthood is crucial for a well-mannered and focused dog. The goal is to teach the dog to regulate their excitement and make good choices rather than acting on impulse. Below is a step-by-step guide, starting from puppyhood and progressing into adulthood.

Impulse control training is crucial for young dogs because it helps them develop self-regulation, patience, and the ability to think before reacting. This is especially important during their developmental stages when they are naturally more impulsive and curious.

Why It Matters for All Young Dogs:

1. Prevents Unwanted Behaviors – Helps reduce jumping, mouthing, barking, chasing, and destructive tendencies.
2. Builds a Thinking Dog – Teaches dogs to make good choices rather than reacting instinctively.
3. Improves Safety – A dog with impulse control is less likely to bolt, chase, or grab dangerous objects.
4. Strengthens Bond with the Handler – Encourages engagement and cooperation in training.
5. Sets a Foundation for Advanced Training – Helps with obedience, recall, and focus in distracting environments.

It’s Even More Critical for Service Dogs in Training:

Service dogs need an exceptional level of impulse control because they must remain calm and focused in all situations, regardless of distractions like food, people, animals, loud noises, or unexpected movements.

1. 1. 1. Public Access Manners – A service dog can’t react to food on the ground, other dogs, or people trying to interact.
      2. Task Reliability – They must perform their tasks under stress without getting distracted.
      3. Low Arousal State – Unlike sport dogs, who thrive on drive, service dogs need to stay neutral, not overly excited or reactive.
      4. Emotional Stability – Impulse control training helps prevent overexcitement or anxiety when working in high-stimulation environments.

Key Impulse Control Exercises for Service Dogs:

• • • “Leave It” & “Drop It” – Essential for ignoring food, objects, or distractions.
    • Settle on Cue – Teaching the dog to relax in any environment.
    • Wait at Doors & Thresholds – No rushing through doors, elevators, or cars.
    • Eye Contact & Focus Work – Maintaining engagement with the handler in busy settings.
    • Long Down-Stays & Place Training – Helps the dog remain still and calm for extended periods.

While all dogs benefit from impulse control, service dogs require an extreme level of it because their job depends on staying calm, focused, and predictable in all situations.

How to train impulse control

Puppy Stage (8 weeks – 4 months)

At this stage, training should be short, fun, and reinforced with rewards.

1. Name Recognition & Engagement
   • Say the puppy’s name in a happy tone.
   • When they look at you, reward with a treat or praise.
   • Repeat several times a day to teach them to focus on you.
2. Hand-Feed for Patience & Focus
   • Use some of their meals as training rewards.
   • Have the puppy sit before feeding a kibble.
   • If they jump or grab, close your hand.
   • Only release food when they wait calmly.
3. “Wait” for Food & Toys
   • Hold a treat in your hand and say “Wait.”
   • If they rush for it, close your hand.
   • When they pause, mark (“Yes!”) and reward.
   • Increase duration over time.
4. Introduce “Leave It”
   • Hold a treat in a closed hand.
   • Let the puppy sniff but do not open your hand.
   • When they stop trying to grab it, say “Yes!” and reward with a different treat.
   • Gradually increase difficulty (open hand, place treat on the floor, etc.).

Young Adolescent (4 – 9 months)

Adolescence can be a challenging time, so maintaining consistency is key.

1. “Wait” at Doors & Gates
   • Approach a door and ask the dog to “Wait.”
   • Slowly open it—if they try to rush through, close it.
   • When they stay back, release them with “Okay!”
   • Gradually extend waiting time.
2. “Leave It” with Higher Distractions
   • Use toys, food, or moving objects.
   • Start with a low-value item and increase difficulty.
   • Reward with a different item when they disengage.
3. Reward Calm Behavior
   • Ignore pushy/jumpy behavior.
   • Reward voluntary calm moments (sitting instead of jumping).
   • If the dog demands attention, wait for calmness before engaging.
4. Start “Stay” Training
   • Have the dog sit or lie down.
   • Say “Stay” and take a half-step back.
   • If they hold position, reward. If they break, reset.
   • Gradually increase distance and duration.

Older Puppy to Adult (9 months – 2 years+)

At this stage, dogs are more energetic and may test boundaries. Continue reinforcing self-control.

1. Advanced Stay with Movement & Distractions
   • Practice stay while walking around them.
   • Toss a toy or treat but ask them to hold position.
   • Release with a cue (“Okay!”) when they succeed.
2. Impulse Control Around Prey Drive Triggers
   • Start with a flirt pole or moving toy.
   • Ask for a “Sit” or “Down” before engaging.
   • Only let them chase when calm.
   • If they get too excited, pause play until they refocus.
3. Controlled Greetings with People & Dogs
   • Ask for a sit before greeting anyone.
   • If they jump or lunge, walk away and try again.
   • Only allow interaction when they remain calm.
4. Off-Leash Control & Recall (Crucial for Prey Drive Dogs)
   • Use a long line for safety.
   • Call them and reward heavily when they return.
   • Practice calling them away from distractions.
   • Reward coming back instead of chasing.

Ongoing Training for Life

1. Regular impulse control exercises prevent regression.
2. Continue rewarding calm behavior.
3. Reinforce control in new environments.
4. Adjust training to match energy and maturity levels.

By following these steps, you create a well-balanced dog that can handle high-energy activities while maintaining self-control.

What if the prey drive already exists or if you unknowingly developed it?

If your 2-year-old dog has developed an excessive prey drive, especially after being introduced to prey-based sports like lure coursing, FastCAT, or barn hunt, you can manage and redirect that drive rather than trying to suppress it entirely. Here are some steps to help:

1. Increase Impulse Control

• Work on Leave It, Drop It, and Stay in controlled settings and then with increasing distractions.
• Incorporate games like It’s Yer Choice (offered in Puppy Culture) to help the dog make thoughtful choices.
• Practice Premack Principle—reward the dog with access to something fun after they show control (e.g., a recall before being released to chase a toy).

2. Provide Safe, Controlled Outlets for Prey Drive

• Redirect prey drive into structured games like flirt pole sessions where you control the chase and when the game ends.
• Play tug-of-war and teach a solid release command to reinforce control over excitement.
• Train and compete in sports that require controlled drive, such as obedience, agility, or scent work.

3. Strengthen Your Recall & Engagement

• Use high-value rewards (real meat, favorite toy) when training recalls, especially in environments where prey might appear.
• Build a strong engagement foundation by rewarding eye contact and focus around distractions.

4. Reduce Unsupervised Opportunities to Chase

• Use a long line in open areas until you’re confident in their recall.
• Keep the dog leashed or fenced in prey-dense areas to prevent self-reinforcing bad habits.
• Minimize exposure to fast-moving animals unless in a training setting.

5. Consider a Structured Obedience Program

• A board-and-train or private lessons with an experienced trainer can help refine control.
• Protection sports trainers or hunting dog trainers often have techniques for controlling high drive.

6. Enrich Their Mind & Body

• Increase mental stimulation (puzzle toys, tracking games, scent work).
• Provide structured exercise that helps drain excess energy without fueling prey drive, like structured walks, treadmill training, or swimming.

If your dog’s prey drive has escalated to the point of being unsafe (e.g., chasing livestock or becoming aggressive toward small animals), a professional trainer specializing in behavior modification may be necessary. Otherwise, with patience and redirection, you can turn that drive into a fun, controlled advantage!

One of the biggest mistakes dog owners make is expecting their dog to be something other than what it is—a dog. We often hear phrases like, “He should just get along with everyone,” or “She should know better than to do that.” But dogs are not little humans in furry coats. They have instincts, drives, and behaviors that are deeply ingrained. When we ignore or misunderstand these, we set our dogs—and ourselves—up for frustration and failure.

Common Unrealistic Expectations

1. Expecting All Dogs to Like Each Other

Dogs are social animals, but that does not mean they want to be friends with every dog they meet. Just as humans have different personalities and preferences, so do dogs. Some dogs enjoy playing with others, while some prefer their own space. This is especially true for intact adult males—two unneutered males in the same household or social setting may not tolerate each other, and that’s not abnormal. Expecting them to get along without conflict is a mistake that can lead to serious fights and injuries.

2. Expecting Dogs to Always Tolerate Rough Handling

Many people assume dogs should be endlessly patient, especially with children. While some dogs are more tolerant, all dogs have boundaries. A child pulling on a dog’s ears, hugging too tightly, or climbing on them may push the dog past its comfort zone. It is unfair to expect a dog to “just deal with it.” Instead, we should respect their limits and teach children appropriate ways to interact with dogs.

3. Assuming a Dog Won’t Chase Small Animals

Dogs have prey drive, some stronger than others. Expecting a herding or sporting breed to completely ignore squirrels, rabbits, or even the family cat is unrealistic without proper training and management. Prey drive is not bad behavior—it’s instinct. If a dog is prone to chasing, it’s our responsibility to keep them in safe environments where they can’t get into trouble.

4. Thinking a Dog Will ‘Just Know’ How to Behave

Dogs do not come pre-programmed with human rules. They don’t inherently understand that chewing shoes is bad, that jumping on guests is impolite, or that counter-surfing is off-limits. They learn through consistent training, guidance, and reinforcement. Expecting a dog to “know better” without teaching them first is setting them up for failure.

5. Expecting a Dog to Never Show Aggression or Fear

All animals, including humans, have thresholds where they will react to fear, pain, or stress. A dog that growls when uncomfortable is communicating. Punishing the growl instead of addressing the cause can suppress warning signs, making a bite more likely in the future. Recognizing when a dog is uncomfortable and respecting their signals prevents behavioral issues from escalating.

Setting Dogs Up for Success

To create a harmonious relationship with our dogs, we need to respect their nature:

Learn about breed tendencies – Some breeds are more dog-social, while others prefer human companionship. Some have strong prey drive, while others are more laid-back. Understanding these traits helps set realistic expectations.

Manage situations appropriately – Don’t force interactions that could lead to conflict. If you have two intact males, recognize that tensions may arise and separate them if needed. If your dog dislikes children, provide a safe space away from them.

Train and reinforce desired behaviors – Dogs thrive with clear, consistent guidance. Teach them what is expected instead of assuming they “should just know.”

Respect their boundaries – If a dog signals discomfort, don’t force them into situations where they feel unsafe.

When we accept our dogs for what they are—living, thinking animals with instincts and emotions—we create a stronger, more trusting bond. Instead of trying to make them something they’re not, let’s appreciate and respect them for the dogs they are.